Energy modulation analysis encompasses a suite of techniques for characterising the dynamic variations of amplitude and frequency in speech and other signals. By applying nonlinear energy operators ...

In advanced systems such as photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and optical neural networks, photodetectors and optical modulators serve as two fundamental functional modules. The former converts ...

Single Sideband, or SSB, has been the predominant amateur radio voice mode for many decades now. It has bee traditionally generated by analogue means, generating a double sideband and filtering away ...

Pulse density modulation (PDM) is a compact digital audio format used in devices like MEMS microphones and embedded systems. This compact primer eases you into the essentials of PDM audio. Let’s begin ...