Every time I write about particle physics, I encounter a moment of uncertainty about a quantity that, at first glance, ought to be clear. How many kinds of elementary particles should I say there are?

Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms can exist on their own or together as molecules. Atoms are very small and around 100,000,000 of them end to end would measure 1 centimetre.

Particle physics is the study of the elementary building blocks of matter and radiation and their interaction. The fundamental particles are summarised by the standard model. This includes leptons ...

Nanoparticles are particles that exist on a nanometre scale (i.e., below 100 nm in at least one dimension). They can possess physical properties such as uniformity, conductance or special optical ...

Watch this video to find out how to use the periodic table to identify the atomic and mass numbers of an element. For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. Every sodium atom has 11 protons and ...

palette5 = [255, 99, 71; 255, 165, 0; 255, 223, 0; 192, 241, 192; 255, 250, 205; 50, 205, 50] / 255; palette6 = [0, 191, 255; 30, 124, 245; 255, 105, 180; 235, 215 ...

A complete 2D side-scrolling arcade platformer built entirely in Python with Pygame. Inspired by classic cartoon platformer level designs with floating islands, wooden structures, ropes, coins, keys, ...